Title: Comparative Study of Almond Oil and Nano Particles (ZnO, SiO3) with Diesel as Control in the Formulation of Oil Based Mud
Authors: Anthony Ogbaegbe Chikwe, Christian Emelu Okalla & Caio Brian Igboh
Volume: 9
Issue: 12
Pages: 66-86
Publication Date: 2025/12/28
Abstract:
This study presents a comprehensive economic and rheological evaluation of almond oil-based mud (AOBM) as a sustainable alternative to diesel oil-based mud (DOBM) for drilling operations. The objective was to assess the performance and cost efficiency of almond oil as a base fluid under varying operational and financial conditions. Rheological properties such as plastic viscosity (PV), yield point (YP), and gel strength (10 seconds and 10 minutes) were determined using standard viscometer dial readings at 600, 300, 200, 100, 60, 30, 6, and 3 rpm. The results revealed that the AOBM exhibited a plastic viscosity of 22 cP, yield point of 8 lb/100 ft², and gel strengths of 5 lb/100 ft² (10 s) and 8 lb/100 ft² (10 min), indicating stable suspension and better thixotropic behavior compared to the diesel-based mud. An economic analysis using Net Present Value (NPV) at discount rates ranging from 0% to 60% showed a steady decline in project value with increasing rates. However, AOBM maintained a higher NPV across all rates, with an initial value of $285,000 at 0% discount, gradually reducing to zero beyond 60%. This suggests that the AOBM system offers greater resilience to financial and market fluctuations. In conclusion, the study demonstrates that almond oil-based muds not only exhibit excellent rheological stability but also ensure improved economic viability and reduced environmental impact, positioning them as a promising and eco-friendly substitute for conventional diesel-based drilling muds in the oil and gas industry.