Title: Etiology, Clinical Presentation, And Contemporary Treatment Methods Of Hypersalivation
Authors: Ergashev Bekzod
Volume: 9
Issue: 6
Pages: 202-206
Publication Date: 2025/06/28
Abstract:
Hypersalivation, or sialorrhea, is characterized by excessive production or impaired clearance of saliva, resulting in significant physical and social discomfort. This condition affects both children and adults and is commonly associated with neurological disorders such as cerebral palsy, Parkinson's disease, and stroke, as well as side effects of certain medications like clozapine. The aim of this study is to explore the etiology, clinical manifestations, and contemporary treatment approaches of hypersalivation based on a comprehensive review of scientific literature. The article outlines two main etiological categories: hypersecretion and impaired oral clearance. Clinical assessment tools, including the Drooling Severity and Frequency Scale, help evaluate symptom severity. Recent advancements favor less invasive treatments, such as botulinum toxin injections into the salivary glands, which have shown significant efficacy with minimal side effects. Pharmacologic treatments like anticholinergic medications (e.g., glycopyrrolate, scopolamine) are also used, though they may cause systemic side effects. Behavioral therapies, including speech and swallowing exercises, offer benefits especially for pediatric populations. For refractory cases, surgical interventions and radiotherapy remain options, albeit with potential complications. The article emphasizes the importance of a multidisciplinary and patient-centered approach in treatment planning. Shared decision-making, guided by patient needs, preferences, and quality of life, is essential for optimal outcomes. This review highlights the need for further large-scale, long-term clinical trials and the development of standardized diagnostic and therapeutic protocols to enhance the quality of care for patients with hypersalivation.