Title: Etiology, Clinical Presentation, And Contemporary Treatment Methods Of Nocturnal Bruxism
Authors: Ergashev Bekzod
Volume: 9
Issue: 6
Pages: 207-210
Publication Date: 2025/06/28
Abstract:
Nocturnal bruxism is a prevalent sleep-related movement disorder characterized by the involuntary grinding or clenching of teeth during sleep. Though often underestimated, its long-term consequences include enamel wear, temporomandibular joint dysfunction, orofacial pain, and sleep disturbances. The etiology of nocturnal bruxism is multifactorial, involving psychological, neurological, and systemic factors. Stress, anxiety, altered neurotransmitter activity (particularly dopamine), sleep disorders, and medication side effects-especially selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors-are commonly implicated. This article provides a comprehensive review of the current understanding of nocturnal bruxism, including its etiology, clinical features, diagnostic strategies, and evidence-based treatment options. The literature suggests that bruxism is best managed through a multidisciplinary approach. Behavioral therapies, including stress management and cognitive-behavioral therapy, are effective in reducing symptom severity, especially when psychological triggers are prominent. Occlusal splints are widely used to prevent dental damage, though their efficacy in reducing bruxism activity is variable. Botulinum toxin (BoNT-A) injections into the masseter and temporalis muscles have emerged as a promising therapeutic option, offering temporary symptom relief with minimal adverse effects. Pharmacological agents such as clonazepam and dopaminergic drugs are reserved for severe or refractory cases due to potential side effects. The review concludes that personalized, patient-centered treatment plans that incorporate both conservative and advanced interventions yield the most favorable outcomes. Further research is needed to standardize diagnostic criteria, refine treatment protocols, and understand long-term management strategies for this complex condition.