Title: Assessment Of Gsm Signal Penetration Loss In Some Selected Concrete Story Buildings In Gombe State
Authors: Kabiru Abubakar Yahya and Abdulrasaki Saka
Volume: 9
Issue: 6
Pages: 196-199
Publication Date: 2025/06/28
Abstract:
The demand for robust indoor mobile connectivity in Nigeria has intensified with the rise of smart buildings and IoT applications. This study evaluates GSM (900/1800 MHz) signal penetration loss in concrete buildings across Gombe State, Nigeria, addressing gaps in localized propagation data. Field measurements were conducted using a Narda SRM-3006 spectrum analyzer and A Samsung Galaxy S24 Ultra 5G mobile phone (OpenSignal, nperf, spectriod and signal strength) across 30 concrete structures with varying thicknesses and reinforcement densities. Results show penetration losses ranging from 12 dB to 28 dB, with reinforced concrete walls (>200 mm) exhibiting up to 30% higher attenuation than non-reinforced walls. Empirical data deviated by 8-12% from the 5G NR-Urban model (ITU-R P.2346-2), suggesting the need for region-specific propagation models. These findings aid telecom operators in optimizing network infrastructure for Gombe's urban and semi-urban landscapes.