Title: Sanitation, Health, and Productivity in Obubra LGA, Cross River State, Nigeria
Authors: N. E. Nakanda, Augustine Asor Ele
Volume: 9
Issue: 6
Pages: 181-190
Publication Date: 2025/06/28
Abstract:
The underutilization of Nigeria's productive capacity has been a cause for concern since the return to civilian rule in 1999, with approximately 90% of the population engaged in the agricultural sector. Sound health and well-being are crucial for enhancing the productive capabilities of citizens, particularly in rural communities where access to clean water and adequate sanitation remains a significant challenge. This study investigates the sources of water, compares water quality against WHO guidelines, and assesses the sanitary awareness of communities in Obubra Local Government Area (LGA) of Cross River State, Nigeria. The findings reveal that the primary water sources in the area are boreholes, rivers, streams, and hand-dug wells, with significant disparities in access to clean water between urban and rural communities. Water quality analysis indicates high levels of turbidity, nitrates, and lead in some sources, exceeding WHO safety standards. Sanitation indicators show low rates of water treatment, widespread open defecation, and inadequate waste disposal practices, contributing to the prevalence of waterborne diseases and environmental contamination which contributed the outbreak of cholera in the area. The study underscores the urgent need for improved water infrastructure, sanitation facilities, and hygiene education to enhance public health, boost productivity, and achieve sustainable development in the region. Addressing these challenges is essential for meeting Sustainable Development Goal 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation) and fostering long-term economic growth in Obubra LGA.