Title: Changes In The Oral Cavity Caused By Iodine Deficiency
Authors: Ergashev Bekzod
Volume: 9
Issue: 6
Pages: 57-60
Publication Date: 2025/06/28
Abstract:
Iodine is a vital micronutrient essential for thyroid hormone synthesis, which plays a fundamental role in metabolism, growth, and development. Despite global efforts to eliminate iodine deficiency through dietary interventions, it remains prevalent in many regions, particularly in landlocked and mountainous areas. While the systemic effects of iodine deficiency-such as hypothyroidism, goiter, and developmental delays-are well-established, its influence on oral health has been understudied. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the structural and functional changes in the oral cavity associated with iodine deficiency and their correlation with serum iodine and thyroid hormone levels. A total of 100 participants (50 iodine-deficient and 50 healthy controls) aged 18-60 years were recruited. Clinical examinations assessed salivary gland function and mucosal integrity. Biochemical tests measured serum iodine and thyroid hormone levels, while histopathological analysis of oral mucosa biopsies provided insights into tissue changes. Results revealed that iodine-deficient individuals had significantly reduced salivary flow (by 45%), altered salivary composition, and increased prevalence of mucosal atrophy (70%) and recurrent infections (60%). Histological findings confirmed epithelial thinning and inflammatory infiltration. Additionally, dental caries and gingivitis were more prevalent in the iodine-deficient group. These findings suggest a strong association between iodine deficiency and deteriorating oral health, likely mediated by impaired salivary gland function and immune dysregulation. The study underscores the importance of integrating oral examinations into routine screening for iodine deficiency, especially in high-risk populations. Early recognition of oral signs could serve as a cost-effective and non-invasive tool for timely intervention in iodine-deficient individuals.