Title: Etiology, Clinical Manifestations, Pathogenesis, And Treatment Approaches Of Gingivitis
Authors: Ergashev Bekzod
Volume: 9
Issue: 7
Pages: 196-198
Publication Date: 2025/07/28
Abstract:
Gingivitis is a common and reversible inflammatory condition of the gums primarily caused by the accumulation of bacterial plaque. If left untreated, it can progress to periodontitis, leading to more severe oral health complications. This study reviews the etiology, clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, and treatment methods of gingivitis, focusing on its microbial causes, clinical outcomes, and therapeutic approaches. The primary etiology of gingivitis is the accumulation of dental plaque, harboring bacteria such as Streptococcus mutans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Clinical manifestations include gum redness, swelling, bleeding on probing, and discomfort. Effective management involves the mechanical removal of plaque through professional cleaning, reinforcement of proper oral hygiene, and, in some cases, the use of antimicrobial agents. Microbial analysis conducted in this study showed a significant reduction in pathogenic bacteria following treatment, which correlated with clinical improvement. The results underline the importance of proper oral hygiene maintenance to prevent recurrence. Furthermore, patient compliance with oral care instructions is crucial for long-term success. The study highlights the need for personalized treatment plans that consider individual risk factors such as smoking, diet, and genetic predisposition. Future research should focus on evaluating the effectiveness of adjunctive therapies and understanding the genetic factors influencing gingivitis susceptibility.