Title: Genetic And Immunological Foundations Of Periodontal Diseases
Authors: Ergashev Bekzod
Volume: 9
Issue: 7
Pages: 140-143
Publication Date: 2025/07/28
Abstract:
This article explores the genetic and immunological foundations of periodontal diseases, which are among the most prevalent chronic inflammatory conditions affecting oral health globally. The study analyzes how genetic predispositions and immune system dysregulation contribute to the onset and progression of periodontitis. Special attention is given to key gene polymorphisms, such as those involving interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-?), and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and how they influence inflammatory responses in periodontal tissues. Furthermore, the paper reviews recent research on host immune responses, including innate and adaptive immunity, and their roles in microbial recognition and tissue destruction. Methodologically, the study utilizes both molecular-genetic analysis and clinical immunoassays in a population sample to identify relevant biomarkers. The results support the hypothesis that periodontal disease is a multifactorial condition strongly influenced by host genetics and immune competence. Understanding these mechanisms opens the door to personalized therapeutic strategies, such as immunomodulatory treatments and gene-targeted approaches, aimed at preventing or minimizing periodontal destruction. This article aims to provide a scientific basis for integrating genetic and immunological screening in periodontal diagnosis and management.