Title: Exploring Effective Treatments for Vitiligo: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Shaymaa Hasan Abbas , Deleen Abd Al Wahab Hasoon
Volume: 9
Issue: 7
Pages: 52-60
Publication Date: 2025/07/28
Abstract:
Vitiligo is a chronic autoimmune skin disorder that results in the progressive and selective loss of melanocytes, leading to well-defined depigmented macules on the skin. Although it does not affect physical health directly, its psychological and emotional consequences are profound, especially when affecting visible body areas. The disease is believed to result from multiple interrelated mechanisms including autoimmune processes, genetic predisposition, oxidative stress, and neurochemical involvement. Several therapeutic strategies have been explored to manage vitiligo. Topical therapies such as corticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors have shown efficacy, particularly in early and localized cases. Phototherapy using narrowband ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) or psoralen plus ultraviolet A (PUVA) remains a mainstay for generalized vitiligo. In addition, surgical methods including grafting techniques and melanocyte transplantation are recommended for patients with stable disease who fail to respond to medical therapy. Herbal medicine, especially from Indian and Chinese traditions, also presents promising outcomes in stimulating melanogenesis. Recently, novel therapies such as Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors and miRNA-based approaches have emerged as potential game changers in vitiligo treatment. Recent progress in vitiligo therapy has facilitated the emergence of novel treatment strategies designed to decelerate disease progression. Tackling inequalities in healthcare access and enhancing awareness of the psychological burden of vitiligo are essential steps toward improving patient outcomes on a global scale.