Title: The Effects Of Khat Use On Health, Society, Economy, And Policy: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Dr. Mustafe Mahamoud Abdillahi, (PhD)
Volume: 9
Issue: 9
Pages: 274-281
Publication Date: 2025/09/28
Abstract:
Khat, a stimulant shrub native to East Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, contains psychoactive compounds (cathinone and cathine) that produce amphetamine-like effects. While culturally significant for socialization and work endurance, chronic khat use was linked to severe health consequences, including cardiovascular disease, mental health disorders, and gastrointestinal complications. Its economic impact was dual-edged: while supporting livelihoods in producing regions, it diverted household income from essentials, reduced productivity, and strained healthcare systems. This systematic literature review synthesized evidence from 2000-2023 to analyze khat's multidimensional effects on health, society, economy, and policy. Key findings revealed that khat use exacerbated poverty cycles, with households spending 20-30% of their income on the substance, and reduced workforce productivity by 5-10%. Prohibitionist policies had failed, often fueling illicit trade, whereas regulated markets (e.g., Yemen's taxation system) showed promise in balancing economic benefits with harm reduction. Critical research gaps included long-term economic modeling and gender-disaggregated data on khat's societal impacts. The review recommended: (1) policies combining regulation (e.g., taxation, quality controls) with public health campaigns; (2) research on standardized metrics and gendered effects; and (3) interventions targeting high-risk groups (youth, farmers) through education, alternative livelihoods, and healthcare integration. A nuanced approach was identified as vital to mitigate harms while respecting cultural contexts and sustaining economic stability in khat-dependent communities.