Title: Vietnam-China Trade Cooperation in the New Context
Authors: Truong Hoang Thuy Van
Volume: 9
Issue: 9
Pages: 63-69
Publication Date: 2025/09/28
Abstract:
This study investigates the structural transformation of Vietnam-China border trade in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. While bilateral trade has expanded rapidly over the past two decades, border disruptions exposed persistent vulnerabilities in logistics, agricultural export channels, and subnational governance. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the research combines provincial panel data from 2010 to 2023 with qualitative analysis of trade policies and institutional frameworks. Results show that provincial economic capacity is a significant driver of export performance, while digital customs adoption provides emerging but uneven benefits. Although border closures during the pandemic created short-term disruptions, their overall quantitative impact on annual trade flows was limited, highlighting the resilience of local export ecosystems. However, substantial interprovincial disparities remain, with provinces such as Lao Cai and Quang Ninh underperforming despite geographic advantages, underscoring the role of governance quality and institutional coordination. The findings emphasize the need for a differentiated policy framework that prioritizes digital transformation, targeted infrastructure investment, and enhanced bilateral cooperation at both central and provincial levels. By addressing structural weaknesses and leveraging digital trade opportunities, Vietnam can strengthen the resilience and sustainability of its border trade with China, ensuring long-term competitiveness in the evolving regional economic landscape.