Title: Application of Advanced Photo catalytic Nanomaterial for Efficient Per- & Poly-Fluor alkyl Substances (PFAS) Degradation in Wastewater Treatment: A Review
Authors: Olabimtan Olabode H., Batari Musa L., Aronimo Samuel B., Esew Onyeyirichi., Nnennaya Olachi U., Egwim Nkechinyere N., Abari Emmanuel. J, Rebecca Thomas.D
Volume: 10
Issue: 1
Pages: 10-26
Publication Date: 2026/01/28
Abstract:
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are highly persistent pollutants that resis?t conventional treatment due˛ to their strong carbon-fluorine bonds, posing serious˛ environmental and public health risks. Photo catalysis, particularly through advanced nanomaterial, has emerged as a promising, eco-friendly approach for PFAS degradation. Recent researches has˛ focused¯ on semicond?uctor-b¯a˛sed˛ systems including? T˛iO?˛, graphitic ca¯rbon nit˛rid?e (g-C??N?), nanoc¯omposites, carbon-based materials, and Z-scheme/heter?oju˛nct?io?n photo catalyst?s, highlighting˛ the?ir ?design, degradation pathw?a?ys, and performance under var˛yin˛g wa˛ter c˛h˛emistry cond?itions. Reactor configurations from laboratory¯-scale slurr¯y and immobilized system¯s to pilot-scale continuous¯ and membrane-integrated¯ setups have also been evalu˛at?ed for scalability. Des˛pite progress, ? challenges remain regarding photoca¯talyst stabilit˛y, ? accumulatio˛n of int?ermediates?, cost-effic¯iency, and li¯fe-cycle e¯nvironmental impact˛s. Future˛ directions emphasize ?hybrid technologies such as coupling photocatalysis with electrochemical oxid?ation or membrane separation ¯, AI-driven material design, and green chemistry approache?s usi˛ng eart?h˛-¯abundant reso?urces. Addressing these gaps is crucial˛ for translating laboratory breakthroughs into practical, large-scale PFAS treatment technologies that are efficient, affordable, and environmentally sustainable.