Title: Social Movement: Politics By Another Means
Authors: Dr.Handson Bandari Ogechi.
Volume: 10
Issue: 1
Pages: 271-285
Publication Date: 2026/01/28
Abstract:
In the late 1960s,the world was apparently undergoing deep, dramatic transformations-even a revolution .American Civil Rights and anti-war movements, the Mai 1968 revolt in France, student's protests in Germany, Britain, Mexico, the worker-student coalitions of the 1969 "Hot Autumn" in Italy, the pro-democracy mobilizations in locations as diverse as Francoist Madrid and Communist Prague, the growth of critical Catholicism from South America to Rome, the early signs of the Women's and environmental movements that would shape the new politics of the 1970s:all these phenomena-and many more -suggested that deep changes were in the offing or making. Social movement is a collective effort by relatively powerless groups using extra-institutional means to promote or resist social change. The 19th-20th C social movements were used for struggles for independence and union collective bargaining rights. With post-industrialization, many New Social Movements emerged around cultural values, lifestyles and middle-class. There are three factors critical to its formation:-