Title: Application Of Artificial Intelligence In Enhancing The Accuracy And Efficiency Of National Population Censuses In Nigeria: A Conceptual Review
Authors: Ejeh Benedict
Volume: 10
Issue: 1
Pages: 26-38
Publication Date: 2026/01/28
Abstract:
Accurate and efficient population census data are fundamental for national planning, resource allocation, and sustainable development. In Nigeria, past census exercises have been constrained by persistent challenges such as logistical difficulties, political interference, data inconsistencies, undercounting, and delays in data dissemination, which have undermined evidence-based policymaking. In response to these limitations, this study conceptually examines the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of national population censuses in Nigeria. Adopting a conceptual review approach, the paper synthesizes existing literature, policy documents, and global best practices on AI-driven census modernization, with specific emphasis on data collection, processing, analysis, security, and operational management. The review highlights how AI technologies including machine learning, computer vision, satellite imagery, geospatial analytics, and predictive modeling can significantly improve population mapping, reduce enumeration errors, enhance real-time monitoring, and support timely demographic analysis. The study further identifies critical constraints to effective AI adoption in Nigeria's census processes, including infrastructural deficits, limited human capacity, ethical and legal concerns related to data privacy, funding challenges, and risks of algorithmic bias. Despite these challenges, the review finds that Nigeria demonstrates growing readiness for AI integration through ongoing digital reforms, expanding ICT infrastructure, and institutional strengthening within the National Population Commission. The paper concludes that, if strategically implemented within robust ethical, legal, and governance frameworks, AI presents a transformative opportunity to modernize Nigeria's census system into a digital-first, efficient, and reliable process. Such transformation would strengthen evidence-based decision-making and provide high-quality population data essential for sustainable socio-economic development.