Title: DC Motor Speed Control and Stabilization using PID Turning Methods (A Comparative analysis of the Ziegler-Nichols (ZN) closed-loop resonance method and the Chien-Hrones-Reswick (CHR) tuning method)
Authors: Oyindinipre Bioko, Damfebo Franklin Ayebagbalinyo, Fawei Jenny Ebitonere, Anyalewechi Chika Juliana
Volume: 10
Issue: 3
Pages: 85-93
Publication Date: 2026/03/28
Abstract:
Efficient speed control of Direct Current (DC) motors is a fundamental requirement in industrial automation, robotics, and precision engineering. This study presents a comparative performance analysis of two distinct Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) tuning strategies: the Ziegler-Nichols (ZN) closed-loop resonance method and the Chien-Hrones-Reswick (CHR) tuning method. While the ZN method remains a benchmark for its ability to achieve aggressive disturbance rejection through sustained oscillation analysis, it often results in high overshoot and oscillatory behavior. In contrast, the CHR method-an evolution of the ZN open-loop technique-is implemented to provide a more tailored response, offering specific tuning parameters for either set-point tracking or disturbance rejection with varying degrees of overshoot (0% vs. 20%). The system was implemented using an experimental setup, the DC motor transfer functions were modelled, and both tuning algorithms were simulated within a MATLAB/Simulink environment. Performance is evaluated based on key temporal parameters, including rise time, settling time, peak overshoot, and steady-state error. Preliminary results indicate that while the ZN method provides a faster initial response, the CHR-tuned PID controller offers smoother operation with enhanced stability, making it superior for applications where mechanical stress from overshoot must be minimized. The findings provide practical guidance for selecting suitable PID tuning methods for DC motor speed control applications based on specific performance requirements.