Title: Review Paper: Smart Water Quality Monitoring For Cholera Risk Preventions.
Authors: Elizabeth Mwakanjale
Magdalena Matenga
John Mwansule
Francis Nziku
Erika Mayanga
Helena Jackson
Isack Deshi
Irene Morinda
Samwel Mkea.
Volume: 10
Issue: 3
Pages: 274-278
Publication Date: 2026/03/28
Abstract:
Cholera remains a major public health challenge in many low- and middle-income countries, primarily driven by unsafe water sources and inadequate sanitation systems. Early detection of water contamination and timely risk assessment are critical for preventing cholera outbreaks. This review paper presents a comprehensive analysis of smart water quality monitoring systems for cholera risk prevention. It explores recent advancements in sensor technologies, Internet of Things (IoT) platforms, wireless communication, and data analytics applied to real-time water quality assessment. Key water quality parameters associated with Vibrio cholerae proliferation, such as temperature, pH, turbidity, salinity, and residual chlorine, are reviewed in the context of automated monitoring. The paper also examines the integration of machine learning and predictive modeling for outbreak forecasting and early warning systems. Challenges related to system scalability, data reliability, power consumption, cost, and deployment in resource-constrained settings are discussed. Finally, the review highlights future research directions and policy implications for implementing smart water monitoring solutions to support proactive cholera surveillance, improve public health decision-making, and reduce the burden of waterborne diseases.