Title: Strategies for Preventing Bribery and Embezzlement Among Public Sector Employees in Iraqi Government Organizations.
Authors: Azhar Naima M
Ban Hatem Jassam
Volume: 10
Issue: 3
Pages: 298-313
Publication Date: 2026/03/28
Abstract:
Various countries, particularly developing nations, suffer from the widespread phenomenon of bribery and administrative corruption. Iraq is one such developing country that has endured this problem throughout history. This has led to the underdevelopment of its administrations and institutions, the disruption of development projects, and consequently, increased poverty, underdevelopment, and numerous other problems. Bribery is considered one of the most significant manifestations of administrative and financial corruption, negatively impacting the efficiency of institutional performance within Iraqi government organizations. Furthermore, the prevalence of bribery tarnishes the state's reputation, weakening public trust in the government and its institutions, creating inequality among citizens, and violating their rights. Therefore, this research sheds light on effective strategies to prevent bribery and embezzlement among public sector employees in Iraqi government institutions. It also reveals that the most significant causes of bribery are complex procedures, ineffective or limited oversight, and weak legal and regulatory measures, which constitute major obstacles to combating corruption. The research concludes that severe and effective penalties are the most effective strategies for combating and eradicating bribery and corruption.