Title: Ecological and Anthropogenic Drivers of Flora and Fauna Distribution in a Tropical Savannah Ecosystem of Northern Taraba State Nigeria
Authors: Delphine Leila David, , Gudzan John Sow & Pemilo Edison Bariya
Volume: 10
Issue: 4
Pages: 145-150
Publication Date: 2026/04/28
Abstract:
: This study investigated the ecological and anthropogenic determinants influencing the spatial distribution and abundance of flora and fauna within the tropical savanna landscape of Northern Taraba State, Nigeria, with particular focus on Karim-Lamido and Lau Local Government Areas. A stratified ecological sampling framework was employed to assess biodiversity across forest edge, lowland, and farmland habitats using systematically established quadrats for vegetation surveys and direct field observations for wildlife occurrence. Biodiversity indicators, including species richness and relative abundance, were analyzed to evaluate habitat-dependent distribution patterns. The results indicated that ecological variables such as vegetation density, soil fertility, and moisture availability significantly influenced habitat suitability and species occurrence. Forest edge ecosystems exhibited relatively higher biodiversity compared to lowland and farmland habitats. In contrast, anthropogenic disturbances including agricultural expansion, bush burning, overgrazing, and logging were identified as major drivers of habitat modification and biodiversity decline, particularly within farmland environments. These land-use practices were observed to alter vegetation structure and disrupt ecological interactions essential for species persistence. The spatial heterogeneity in species distribution reflects the combined effects of environmental variability and human-induced land-use changes on ecosystem functionality. The study underscores the importance of integrating sustainable land management strategies into biodiversity conservation frameworks within tropical savanna ecosystems of Northern Nigeria.