Title: Secure Geo-Facial Attendance.(a secure attendance system with geo-facial and dynamic codes)
Authors: EDWIN MUGISHA JUVENARY, FAITH KILEO SHOO, ZAKAYO JAMES LUHANZU, DEVID DEUS, NOELA MISIKONGI, OBADIA MWAKIPESILE, OMEGA MASEBO, PASCHAL JOSEPH
Volume: 10
Issue: 4
Pages: 16-22
Publication Date: 2026/04/28
Abstract:
The growing need for verifiable, tamper-resistant attendance tracking across educational, corporate, and governmental sectors has exposed fundamental weaknesses in unimodal authentication systems. Traditional approaches-manual signatures, RFID badges, standalone biometrics, or GPS-only check-ins-remain vulnerable to proxy attendance, credential theft, location spoofing, and replay attacks. This review paper critically examines the integration of three complementary security modalities: facial recognition (biometric authentication), geolocation (spatial verification), and dynamic codes (temporal one-time passwords). Through a systematic synthesis of research papers spanning biometric anti-spoofing, location attestation, time-based one-time passwords (TOTP), challenge-response mechanisms, and mobile security architectures, the analysis identifies persistent gaps in multimodal fusion strategies, offline coordination, user friction, and privacy preservation. The review reveals that while each modality is mature individually, their synergistic combination into a coherent, attack-resistant attendance system remains fragmented in both literature and practice. In response, this paper proposes a conceptual framework for a unified "Tri-Factor Secure Attendance System" that dynamically orchestrates liveness-checked facial recognition, cryptographically signed geolocation, and time-synchronized dynamic codes within a resilient mobile-first architecture. The paper concludes with strategic recommendations for researchers, developers, and institutional policymakers to advance secure, usable, and privacy-aware attendance solutions.