Title: Design and Implementation of a Low-Cost Wi-Fi-Based Smart Surveillance Vehicle Using ESP32 Modules
Authors: E. Aondoaseer , C. A. Madukwe, D. O. Agbo
Volume: 10
Issue: 4
Pages: 40-45
Publication Date: 2026/04/28
Abstract:
Conventional fixed surveillance systems are limited by restricted coverage, high deployment cost, and poor adaptability to dynamic environments. To address these challenges, this paper presents the design and implementation of a low-cost Wi-Fi-based smart surveillance vehicle capable of real-time remote monitoring. The system employs a dual-ESP32 architecture, where one ESP32-CAM module handles live video streaming while a second ESP32 microcontroller manages motor control and wireless command processing. The surveillance vehicle operates as a standalone Wi-Fi access point, enabling direct communication with a remote user interface without reliance on external network infrastructure. Motor drivers and a chassis platform are integrated to achieve controlled mobility, allowing the system to navigate and monitor environments that are inaccessible or unsafe for static cameras. Experimental evaluation demonstrates stable real-time video transmission, responsive vehicle navigation, and reliable wireless control within the designed operating range. The results confirm that separating video processing and motion control tasks improves system responsiveness and reliability. The developed system offers a cost-effective, portable, and scalable solution for real-time surveillance applications in security, agriculture, and industrial monitoring.