Title: Causes, Forms And Frequency Of Insecurity Among Arable Crop Farmers In Niger Delta, Nigeria
Authors: Amafade U. G, Opia, O. P. B, Ovwigho B. O, Eromedoghene, E. O, Ebewore S. O, and Emaziye, P. O
Volume: 10
Issue: 4
Pages: 215-224
Publication Date: 2026/04/28
Abstract:
The Niger Delta area has experienced persistent insecurity over the years, with significant implications for agricultural production, livelihoods and food security. Despite literatures on the causes of insecurity in the Niger Delta, there remain a dearth of literature on current insecurity situation, the forms and frequency of insecurity in the Niger Delta. This study therefore investigates the causes, forms and frequency of insecurity in the Niger Delta. A multistage sampling technique was employed to select a sample of 354 respondents, and primary data were collected using a structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and One-way ANOVA. The findings indicated that the drivers of insecurity in the study area include armed groups and militancy (mean = 3.18), poverty and unemployment (mean = 3.16), resource control conflicts (mean = 2.92), political instability and corruption (mean = 2.88), cultural and religious conflicts (mean = 2.52), and ethnic and communal tensions (mean = 2.51). The predominant forms of insecurity identified were physical insecurity (mean = 2.85), economic insecurity (mean = 2.65), food insecurity (mean = 2.58), and social insecurity (mean = 2.55). Physical insecurity (mean = 2.68), economic insecurity (mean = 2.65) and food insecurity (mean = 2.60) are the most prevalent forms of insecurity in the study area. Policy responses should jointly strengthen rural security, expand economic opportunities and credit access to restore livelihoods and resilience of farmers.