Title: Evaluation of Agroforestry for Resilient and Sustainable Livelihoods in Northern Uganda
Authors: Associate Professor Mark Kiiza
Henry Omara
CPA Ssali Ally
Dr. Ssamula Mathias
Volume: 10
Issue: 4
Pages: 29-37
Publication Date: 2026/04/28
Abstract:
: Agroforestry is increasingly recognized as a critical strategy for enhancing the resilience of smallholder farming systems under climate variability. However, empirical evidence on the contribution of indigenous agroforestry practices to climate adaptation and livelihood security in in the northern Uganda. This study assessed the role of local agroforestry systems in strengthening adaptive capacity and improving household livelihoods across distinct agro ecological zones in north region of Uganda. The study adopted a parallel mixed methodology that enabled collection of both qualitative and quantitative data. A case research design was also used and it enabled in-depth understanding of the variables under investigations. A total of 297 households were selected scientifically to represent the targeted population in the northern Uganda. The study employed survey, interviews and focused group discussion in data collection. The collected Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearson's correlation, and multinomial regression models. The results indicate that farmers employ diverse adaptation strategies, including the integration of crops, livestock, and tree species. Agroforestry ranked as the third most preferred adaptation option, following livestock rearing and off-farm employment. On-farm trees were similarly ranked as the third most important livelihood asset, contributing approximately 34% of total household income. The study concluded that Trees provided multiple ecosystem services, including construction materials, livestock fodder, and fuel wood, while enhancing crop stability during drought conditions. Statistical analysis revealed a significant positive association between tree abundance, crop productivity, and household income. The study recommends that climate smart should be encouraged pivotal role of indigenous agroforestry systems in supporting climate adaptation and livelihood resilience. Strengthening these systems through targeted research, extension services, and supportive policy frameworks can substantially enhance the sustainability and resilience of dry land farming systems in Uganda