Title: A Review of Smart Assistive Technologies for the Visually Impaired: The Case of the Arduino-Based Smart Stick.
Authors: Gerald Blass, Mihayo Juma, Joseph Erasto, Suzana Niima, Suzan Mgele, Stephano Lusulo, Steven Simkanga
Volume: 10
Issue: 4
Pages: 1-5
Publication Date: 2026/04/28
Abstract:
Visual impairment significantly hinders daily activities and independent navigation, particularly in developing regions like Tanzania. While traditional white canes provide basic tactile feedback, they fail to detect distant obstacles, overhanging hazards, or dangerous surfaces like water. This review paper examines the integration of embedded systems and sensor technology to enhance mobility for the blind. By synthesizing existing literature on assistive devices, the paper identifies critical gaps in affordability and environmental hazard detection. We propose a conceptual framework or a smart Blind Stick utilizing Arduino Uno, Ultrasonic sensors for distance detection, and water sensors for surface safety. The review concludes that low cost, sensor integrated solutions can significantly improve user confidence and social inclusion within academic and public ecosystems.