Title: Secure Iot-Based Gas Leakage Detection And Control Systems: A Systematic Review Of Real-Time Monitoring, Secure Data Transmission, And Remote Response Mechanisms For Enhanced Safety
Authors: Nasma Mohamed, Ally Mwangalaba, Kelvin Ndendya, Emanuel Zumba, Ibrahim Chilongani, Innocent Makali, Issa Majuano, Elungu Erick
Volume: 10
Issue: 5
Pages: 124-132
Publication Date: 2026/05/28
Abstract:
Gas leakage remains one of the most pervasive and preventable safety hazards in residential, commercial, and industrial environments globally, with liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) explosions, fires, and toxic exposure responsible for thousands of casualties and billions in property damage annually. In Tanzania and across sub-Saharan Africa, the risks are compounded by reliance on LPG cylinders for cooking and heating, limited awareness of early warning signs, and the near-total absence of affordable automated detection and response systems accessible to average households. Existing gas detection systems predominantly provide only local audible alarms, which are rendered useless when occupants are absent, while emerging IoT-based solutions largely omit secure data transmission, leaving sensor data vulnerable to interception, manipulation, and unauthorized control commands. This review paper systematically analyses the current state of IoT-based gas leakage detection systems, synthesizing literature on MQ-series sensor performance, GSM-based SMS alert architectures, microcontroller-based embedded systems (Arduino and ESP32), remote actuator control via solenoid valves, and data security mechanisms for low-cost IoT platforms. Drawing from comparative analysis of six published systems and twenty reference studies, the review identifies a critical gap: no existing low-cost system simultaneously combines real-time gas detection within 2-5 seconds, secure AES-encrypted data transmission, GSM-based SMS alerting accessible on both smartphones and basic mobile phones, and user-initiated remote shut-off via solenoid valve. The proposed Secure IoT Gas Leakage Detection and Control System directly addresses this multidimensional gap through an integrated Arduino/ESP32 platform with MQ-2/MQ-5 sensors, SIM800L GSM module, AES encryption layer, relay-controlled solenoid valve, and local buzzer alarm, targeting end-to-end alert delivery within 10 seconds and validated through prototype testing in controlled environments.