Title: The Fall Of Bonaparte's Army At Jaffa (1799), A Study Of The Prelude To The Defeat And Withdrawal Of The French Campaign
Authors: Mahmoud Ahmed Darwish
Volume: 10
Issue: 5
Pages: 63-87
Publication Date: 2026/05/28
Abstract:
The main theme of the research, clearly demonstrates that natural and climatic conditions can defeat the mightiest armies. The French army, who committed the most horrific massacres - without mercy - during the invasion of Egypt, was unable to prevent divine vengeance by confronting an enemy they had no plans to resist. This occurred at a time when Egypt was at its worst political and military juncture. Conflicts were raging between powers, each seeking to extend its control over the country, between Ottoman rule and internal conflict between factions proven to be conspiring against the country and working for either the French or the British, with the goal of extending their rule, even if under foreign influence and French or British occupation. The research reviews the developments that accompanied the spread of the plague epidemic from the arrival of the French campaign in Egypt until the withdrawal of the defeated forces; the spread of the plague among the French forces was a major reason for the defeat and withdrawal of the campaign from Egypt.