Title: Investigation on the Flow Assurance Problems and Remediation of the Niger Delta Crude in Pipeline
Authors: Chiemezuo David Chidi, Prince Rich Adams, George Nduwuba, Dan Nzenwa Enyioko, Christian Emelu Okalla, Chukwuebuka Francis Dike, Cynthia Benedicta N. Nwadike & Lilian Eyang Ndoma-Egba
Volume: 10
Issue: 5
Pages: 78-93
Publication Date: 2026/05/28
Abstract:
This study investigates major flow assurance challenges in crude oil production, specifically asphaltene precipitation, wax deposition, emulsion stability, and corrosion, using both conventional and locally sourced additives. Laboratory experiments were performed following ASTM standard procedures to evaluate the inhibition efficiency of toluene, methanol, commercially available demulsifiers, field corrosion inhibitors, and diethylene glycol (DEG). In addition, cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) was assessed as potential eco-friendly alternatives. Results showed that toluene was the most effective asphaltene solvent, reducing deposition to near-zero levels, while CNSL exhibited moderate inhibition due to its phenolic and carboxylic content. Wax deposition tests revealed that CNSL significantly lowered the cloud and pour points of crude oil, demonstrating strong wax-crystal modification capabilities. Emulsion studies indicated that the commercial demulsifier and toluene yielded the highest water separation, whereas local- and field-based formulations showed moderate performance. Corrosion tests conducted in acidic and saline media confirmed that DEG and field inhibitors provided high inhibition efficiencies at optimal dosages. Overall, the findings indicate that CNSL can serve as promising, locally available materials for flow assurance applications, contributing to cost reduction and sustainability in crude oil production systems.