Title: Yaj?a Theology in the Kapamangkuan Tradition of Bali
Authors: I Made Dwitayasa
Volume: 10
Issue: 6
Pages: 276-284
Publication Date: 2026/06/28
Abstract:
This study examines the theological relationship between Yaj?a and the Kapamangkuan tradition within Balinese Hinduism. While previous studies have predominantly explored Kapamangkuan from sociological, cultural, and institutional perspectives, limited attention has been given to its theological foundations. This research aims to analyze the theological foundations of Yaj?a in Hinduism, examine the position and significance of the Kapamangkuan tradition within Balinese Hindu religious life, and investigate how the theological values of Yaj?a are embodied in the practices and responsibilities of pamangkus. The study employs a qualitative approach using theological and hermeneutic analysis based on the examination of Hindu scriptures, theological literature, and scholarly works related to Balinese Hinduism and Kapamangkuan. The findings reveal that Yaj?a is not merely a ritual sacrifice but a comprehensive theological principle encompassing ty?ga (self-sacrifice), seva (selfless service), bhakti (devotion), and dharma (sacred duty). These values are manifested in the Kapamangkuan tradition through practices of ngayah, ritual leadership, temple stewardship, and service to the religious community. The study argues that Kapamangkuan should not be understood solely as a religious institution that performs Yaj?a; rather, it represents a living manifestation of Yaj?a theology itself. Consequently, Kapamangkuan functions as a form of lived theology through which the principles of Yaj?a are continuously embodied, practiced, and transmitted within contemporary Balinese Hinduism.