Title: Measurement of Radon Gas Released from Human Blood Samples in Najaf and Karbala Governorates, Iraq
Authors: Ayad Hussein Resenı, Basim A. Almayahi²
Volume: 10
Issue: 6
Pages: 21-28
Publication Date: 2026/06/28
Abstract:
Background and Objectives: Radon (²²²Rn) is a naturally occurring radioactive noble gas and a recognized carcinogen associated primarily with lung cancer. Data regarding radon released from human blood samples remain limited, particularly in Iraq. This study aimed to estimate radon activity measured in the equilibrated headspace above blood samples collected from healthy volunteers and patients in Najaf and Karbala governorates and to evaluate variations according to sex and smoking status. Materials and Methods: Thirty venous blood samples were collected from Al-Sadr Teaching Hospital in Najaf and Al-Husseini Hospital in Karbala between June and September 2023. Samples were transferred in EDTA tubes at 4 °C to the Physics Laboratory, Faculty of Science, University of Kufa. Radon activity released into the sealed headspace above blood samples was measured using a calibrated Canary Airthings digital radon monitor over a continuous monitoring period. Measured values were recorded in pCi/L and converted to Bq/m³ using the standard conversion factor. Results: Measured radon concentrations ranged from 0.090 pCi/L (3.33 Bq/m³) to 0.623 pCi/L (23.05 Bq/m³). Smokers exhibited higher mean concentrations than non-smokers, while males showed slightly higher values than females. All recorded concentrations were substantially below internationally recognized indoor radon reference levels. Conclusions: Radon concentrations released from the studied blood samples were low in all participants. Slightly elevated values observed among smokers and some occupationally exposed individuals suggest the importance of continued environmental radon monitoring. The study provides preliminary baseline data for future investigations of radon exposure in Iraqi populations.