Title: Systematic Review of Technical and Vocational Education and Training for Future Skills Demand in Africa
Authors: Dr. Baritule P. SAUE & Engr. Dr. Lydia B. ADETOLA
Volume: 10
Issue: 6
Pages: 23-33
Publication Date: 2026/06/28
Abstract:
The study analyzed TVET systematically with a consideration of school-industry collaboration, digitalization of TVET learning and the adaptability of the workforce, and for the future skills demand in Africa. In spite of improvement in the situation of developed countries, there are still some problems faced by developing countries like unemployment or underemployment, low technical growth, a shortage of quality education, a shortage of skill and training etc. To meet the needs of the digital economy and the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), TVET has been established as an effective platform to provide individual with practical, industry relevant, and future oriented skills, which will spur their sustainable workforce development and socio-economic transformation. The study examined the TVET frameworks in seven other countries namely, Ghana, Kenya, Ethiopia, South Africa, Togo, Nigeria and Tanzania, which revealed a series of reform measures targeting enhancements in competency-based training, integration of digital learning, industry linkages, curriculum relevance, and sustainable financing arrangements. The SLR approach was followed and secondary data was derived from peer-reviewed journal articles published from 2016-2026, policy documents, TVET frameworks and curriculum reports. Documentary analysis was done. The screening and selecting process was done using PRISMA guideline and 14 studies were included in the analysis. These findings showed that there was a positive relationship between the employability and relevance of content by good collaboration between the institution and industry which also helped them to get offers of employment and internship. The study further revealed that the use of ICT, AI and digital pedagogies in TVET learning through digitalization reduces some problems of inefficient learning experiences and innovates the preparedness of the workforce. Additionally, adaptability in the labor force was seen as essential to help graduates react to the shifts in the labor market. The study found that the future skills needs and the economic development of African countries require strengthening the TVET by transforming it through policy, digital transformation, sustainable funding, and industry partnerships.