Title: Evolution of Cloud Computing: Architecture, Service Models, Security, and Emerging Trends in the AI Era
Authors: Dr Neha Paliwal
Volume: 10
Issue: 7
Pages: 548-572
Publication Date: 2026/07/28
Abstract:
Cloud computing has transformed modern computing by providing scalable, on-demand, and cost-effective computing resources through the Internet. Over the last two decades, cloud technologies have evolved from basic virtualization platforms into intelligent, distributed ecosystems supporting artificial intelligence (AI), big data analytics, Internet of Things (IoT), edge computing, and high-performance computing. The rapid adoption of cloud-native architectures, containerization, serverless computing, and multi-cloud strategies has significantly changed the way organizations design, deploy, and manage digital services. This review presents a comprehensive overview of cloud computing by examining its historical evolution, architectural foundations, essential characteristics, and enabling technologies. The paper further discusses recent developments in AI-powered cloud platforms, sustainability initiatives, security frameworks, and cloud governance. Emerging trends such as confidential computing, zero-trust architecture, generative AI infrastructure, and green cloud computing are also explored. Finally, the article highlights future research directions and challenges that continue to shape the next generation of cloud computing.