Title: Development of Aviation-Grade Lubricant
Authors: from Mineral Oils to Advanced Synthetic Formulations: A Comprehensive Review
Volume: 10
Issue: 8
Pages: 99-111
Publication Date: 2026/08/28
Abstract:
: The harsh thermal, oxidative and mechanical loading in service experienced by the lubricants in modern gas turbine engines, current developments of aviation-grade lubricants represent one of the most challenging frontiers in tribological engineering. This paper focuses on the development of aviation lubricants in terms of historical development, chemical formulation, additive technologies and specifications for aviation lubricants and their future trends. The history begins with the early use of mineral oil-based products, progresses to the use of a greater number of synthetic base oils such as polyol esters, and finally, the use of polyalphaolefins (PAOs) to dominate commercial and military turbine engine oils. The degradation mechanisms of antioxidants, antiworn and corrosion inhibiting additives are discussed and the important functions of these additives are analyzed. In addition, the paper covers qualification framework for MIL-PRF-23699 as well as SAE AS5780, and discusses future directions such as bio based and sustainable aviation lubricants. The results highlight the need for further innovation in base oil chemistry and additive synergy to support the next generation of propulsion system needs and requirements.