Title: Clinical, Etiological, therapeutic Features and quality of life of Adolescent Gynecomastia: A 13-Year Single-Center Study
Authors: Khawla Salhi Dr, Leila Rouimi Dr, Zineb El Azime Pr, Mohammed Amine Essafi Pr, Hayat Aynaou Pr, Houda Salhi Pr
Volume: 10
Issue: 8
Pages: 31-42
Publication Date: 2026/08/28
Abstract:
Background: Adolescent gynecomastia (GM) is common and usually physiological, although it may occasionally reveal significant endocrine or neoplastic disorders. It is usually due to physiological perturbations but can hide serious underlying etiologies. The aim of our study is to analyze the features and characteristics of GM, and to evaluate treatment outcomes in this population. Materials and Methods: A retrospective descriptive study conducted over a 13-year period from January 2012 to March 2025. We included all adolescent patients aged 13 to 19 years hospitalized for gynecomastia. Demographic, clinical, paraclinical, and therapeutic data were systematically analyzed. Psychological impact was assessed using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Results: 31 adolescent patients with gynecomastia were included from a total cohort of 103 patients (30.1%). The mean age was 16.3 ± 1.8 years. Pubertal and peri-pubertal gynecomastia predominated in 77.4% of cases. Hypogonadism represented the second most frequent etiology (19.4%), including 4 cases of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and two cases of Klinefelter syndrome. One case of feminizing adrenocortical carcinoma was identified. Psychological assessment showed low self-esteem in 48.4%. Conservative management was adopted in 58.1%, local androgen therapy prescribed in 19.4%, and surgical intervention indicated in 22.6%. While 38.7% of patients were lost to follow-up, among those with available follow-up, favorable outcomes were observed in the majority of cases.