Title: Design of an Electric Bicycle Tracking System Based on IoT
Authors: Wahyudi), Daffa Haqqi, Achmad Hidayatno, Irsyad Dzaki Fitriyadi
Volume: 10
Issue: 9
Pages: 194-201
Publication Date: 2026/09/28
Abstract:
The development of Internet of Things (IoT) technology has opened wide opportunities for enhancing vehicle security, including electric bicycles. In general, the security systems of electric bicycles are still conventional and lack real-time tracking features. Therefore, this research aims to design and implement a tracking system for electric bicycles based on IoT microcontrollers using the ESP32-S3, ESP32, and GPS Neo-7M modules. The proposed system consists of two main subsystems: a bicycle tracking system and a smartphone notification system. The latitude and longitude data obtained from the GPS Neo-7M sensor are processed by the ESP32-S3 microcontroller and transmitted to the Arduino IoT Cloud platform, allowing users to monitor the bicycle's position in real time via the Arduino IoT Remote application. In addition, the ESP32 microcontroller sends position notifications to the WhatsApp application using the Fonnte API. The test results show that the system is capable of continuously detecting the bicycle's position remotely at a sampling interval of 1 second. A comparison between the system's GPS data and smartphone GPS data reveals a highly similar coordinate pattern with minimal deviation, indicating that the system operates accurately and with a 100% success rate. Furthermore, GPS measurements obtained in outdoor environments are more stable, with an average error of 0.91 meters, compared to indoor measurements, which exhibit an average error of 10.34 meters.