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| Design and Fabrication of an Electric Kiln for Bisque Ceramic Firing
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Olisa Yemi, Kotingo Kelvin and Soroh Etaribo
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Abstract:
Fuel-fired kilns produce carbon monoxide which is highly toxic by breathing and can lead to oxygen starvation, produce infrared radiation, which is hazardous to the eyes and moreover, this kilns are not very ideal and economical when used for pottery of relatively small sizes. The aim of this research was to design and fabricate an electric kiln for bisque ceramic firing. The purpose of the construction is to provide heat treatment for pottery clay to a temperature sufficient to fuse the particles together and transform into ceramics. The fabrication of the kiln was made of double steel wall lined with gypsum insulation enclosed with metal barrel outer housing. The kiln was designed to have a capacity of 0.075888m3 with a small fraction of this capacity dedicated to the heating element of the kiln and the rest of it for the materials to be fired. A heating element of 1000W rating was provided in the heating chamber to generate sufficient heat that will raise the temperature of the pottery clay to a maximum of 987oC. The result for the performance testing carried out on the kiln shows that it achieved a maximum temperature of 987oC in 10 hours when used to fire pottery samples (dish and cup greenware) and transforming them into hard ceramics.
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