Abstract:
Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is a ceramic material that contains calcium-phosphate compound that is applicable in chemical engineering, biomedical and medical fields. It can be used as an adsorbent for dyes and heavy metals from oil and waste water. In medical and tissue engineering, it is applied in bleaching and teeth repair, toothpastes formation, coating of dental implant and orthopedic applications. This research project synthesizes HAp through calcination process from waste Billy and Nanny femur bones left as waste after removal of the meat from the bones. The experimental results showed that the colour of the HAp changes as heat is applied from butter cream colour (raw grounded powder) to cream colour (200°C), black (400°C), light grey (600°C), milky white (800°C) and pure white (1000°C). This changes in colour are attributed to organic materials in bones being removed and the crystallization of pure HAp at 1000°C. SEM analysis showed that the HAps synthesized from Billy and Nanny femur bones had rough, dense aggregated morphology at 2000 magnification with no clear differences in surface morphology. The XRD diffractogram for Billy bone synthesized HAp showed peaks at 2? angles of 25.99?, 29.09?, 31.89?, 33.01?, 34.17?, 39.91?, 46.82?, 49.60?, and 64? corresponding to the 002, 210, 211, 300, 202, 310, 222, 213, and 304 planes of crystalline HAp. Similar peaks were observed for Nanny bone HAp with slight variations in the 2? angles. This indicates that the crystallized HAp for Billy and Nanny femur bones has a hexagonal structure. And FTIR spectra showed that the HAp synthesized from both bones had similar functional groups of phosphate at wavelength 1088.4cm-1 and 1021.3 cm-1, hydroxyl groups at wavelength 3574.5 cm-1 and carbonate groups at wavelength 1546.8 cm-1, 1457.4 cm-1, and 1408.9 cm-1 respectively. The characterized results indicates that there is no significant difference in the HAps synthesized from Billy and Nanny femur bones.
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