Title: Foreign Policy and Democratic Governance in Nigeria: A Study of the Fourth Republic (1999-2022)
Authors: Uthman, Mufutahu Oluwaseyi, Alli, Murthadho Abiodun
Volume: 10
Issue: 4
Pages: 184-191
Publication Date: 2026/04/28
Abstract:
Nigeria's return to democratic governance in 1999 marked a significant shift in the orientation and conduct of its foreign policy, with increased emphasis on diplomacy, international cooperation, and regional leadership. Within the Fourth Republic, foreign policy has been closely linked to the principles and practice of democratic governance, including accountability, transparency, and institutional participation. This study examines the relationship between foreign policy and democratic governance in Nigeria from 1999 to the present, with the aim of assessing how democratic rule has influenced the formulation and implementation of foreign policy objectives. The study adopts a qualitative research design, relying on secondary sources such as academic journals, government publications, policy documents, and reports from international organisations. Findings reveal that democratic governance has contributed to a more participatory and transparent foreign policy process, enhanced Nigeria's global image, and strengthened its leadership role in regional affairs. However, the study also finds that challenges such as domestic political instability, corruption, economic constraints, and security issues continue to undermine the effectiveness of Nigeria's foreign policy. The study concludes that while democratic governance has positively shaped Nigeria's foreign policy, greater institutional strengthening, policy consistency, and alignment between domestic priorities and external engagements are necessary to maximize its benefits. It therefore recommends improved governance practices, strategic economic diplomacy, and enhanced policy coordination to ensure that Nigeria's foreign policy effectively promotes national development.