Title: Design And Construction Of An Internet Of Things-Based Energy Metering System For Residential Application
Authors: J. J. Popoola, M. R. Adu and C. S. Odeyemi
Volume: 10
Issue: 5
Pages: 155-163
Publication Date: 2026/05/28
Abstract:
Frequent increase in electricity tariff and estimation billing system have propelled customers of electricity in Nigeria to start seeking for diverse means to efficiently manage and monitor their energy consumption. One efficient, affordable and technological means recently discovered in managing and monitoring household electricity consumption in the country is usage of Internet-of-Things (IoT)-based energy metering system, which offers customers opportunity to remotely monitor and manage their energy consumption. In order to contribute to realisation of this laudable technology, the study presented in the paper developed an IoT-based energy metering system for residential application. The IoT-based energy metering system for this study was developed using PZEM-004T energy sensor and ESP32 microcontroller. The metering system was evaluated after its successful development. The result of the performance evaluation test conducted on the developed IoT-based energy metering system shows that the system performs favourable well with an average percentage voltage error of 0.43%, which is significantly lower than the recommended value in literature. In addition, the result of comparative performance analysis conducted by comparing the performance of the developed IoT-based energy metering system with similar developed meters shows that the developed energy metering system for this study performs favourably well with similar developed energy meters in literature. The overall result of the developed IoT-based energy system for this study shows that the developed energy metering system for this study does not only accurate but equally technically feasible for measuring and monitoring residential electricity parameters.